CMOS Charged Particle Spectrometers

Integrated circuits, manufactured in CMOS technology, have been developed as diffusion-based charged particle spectrometers for space applications. Current designs are single-chip spectrometers capable of uniquely identifying and counting electrons and heavy ions. A four-chip spectrometer designed to count protons and heavy ions was flown on the Clementine spacecraft. The spectrometer proton data is compared to GOES-6 prown d2.ta for the 21 February 1994 solar proton evenL